Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of production. It can be expressed as the ratio of output to inputs used in the production process, i.e. output per unit of input. Increased productivity is a consequence of increased resource use efficiency. Increased productivity helps closing the yield gap, i.e. the difference between actual farm yields and the potential yields which are the maximum achievable (FAO 2013) and helps to reduce emissions per production unit. For example, by using less fertilizer to grow the same crops or raising fewer cows to produce the same amount of milk. Sustainable intensification is a key strategy in CSA to increase overall agricultural productivity.